AsnycTask 源码解析

AsyncTask 意义

AsyncTask 是一个轻量级的异步类，它是使用线程池执行后台任务，并将结果传送到主线程更新UI；下面是源码的介绍：

AsyncTask enables proper and easy use of the UI thread. This class allows you to perform background operations and publish results on the UI thread without having to manipulate threads and/or handlers.
//AsyncTask 不能执行耗时过多的任务，
AsyncTasks should ideally be used for short operations (a few seconds at the most.) If you need to keep threads running for long periods of time, it is highly recommended you use the various APIs provided by the <code>java.util.concurrent</code> package such as {@link Executor},{@link ThreadPoolExecutor} and {@link FutureTask}.

AsyncTask的内部封装了两个线程池(SerialExecutor和THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR)和一个Handler(InternalHandler)。

其中SerialExecutor线程池用于任务的排队，让需要执行的多个耗时任务，按顺序排列，THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR线程池才真正地执行任务，InternalHandler用于从工作线程切换到主线程。

AsyncTask creator

声明如下：

public abstract class AsyncTask<Params, Progress, Result>

继承 AsyncTask 必须重写它相应的方法；

1: onPreExecute()  --- mainThread
2: doInBackground(Params... params)  --- 必须重写，在workerThread中
3: onProgressUpdate(Progress... values)   --- mainThread
4: onPostExecute(Result result) --- MainThread

方法的调用顺序：

• 需要更新进度：

上面几个方法的调用顺序：
onPreExecute() –> doInBackground() –> publishProgress() –> onProgressUpdate() –> onPostExecute()

• 不需要更新进度

onPreExecute() –> doInBackground() –> onPostExecute()

简单使用：

class DownloadTask extends AsyncTask<Void, Integer, Boolean> {  

    @Override  
    protected void onPreExecute() {  
        progressDialog.show();  
    }  

    @Override  
    protected Boolean doInBackground(Void... params) {  
        try {  
            while (true) {  
                int downloadPercent = doDownload();  
                publishProgress(downloadPercent);  
                if (downloadPercent >= 100) {  
                    break;  
                }  
            }  
        } catch (Exception e) {  
            return false;  
        }  
        return true;  
    }  

    @Override  
    protected void onProgressUpdate(Integer... values) {  
        progressDialog.setMessage("当前下载进度：" + values[0] + "%");  
    }  

    @Override  
    protected void onPostExecute(Boolean result) {  
        progressDialog.dismiss();  
        if (result) {  
            Toast.makeText(context, "下载成功", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();  
        } else {  
            Toast.makeText(context, "下载失败", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();  
        }  
    }  
}

new DownloadTask().execute();//顺序执行

AsyncTask 源码

先简单的介绍一下基本属性，源码如下：

private static final int CPU_COUNT = Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors();
    // We want at least 2 threads and at most 4 threads in the core pool,
    // preferring to have 1 less than the CPU count to avoid saturating
    // the CPU with background work
    private static final int CORE_POOL_SIZE = Math.max(2, Math.min(CPU_COUNT - 1, 4));
    private static final int MAXIMUM_POOL_SIZE = CPU_COUNT * 2 + 1;
    private static final int KEEP_ALIVE_SECONDS = 30;
	//实例化线程工厂，用于后面创建线程池
    private static final ThreadFactory sThreadFactory = new ThreadFactory() {
        private final AtomicInteger mCount = new AtomicInteger(1);

        public Thread newThread(Runnable r) {
            return new Thread(r, "AsyncTask #" + mCount.getAndIncrement());
        }
    };
	//阻塞队列
    private static final BlockingQueue<Runnable> sPoolWorkQueue =
            new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>(128);

    /**
     * An {@link Executor} that can be used to execute tasks in parallel.
     * 并发执行任务的线程池
     */
    public static final Executor THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR;

    static {
        ThreadPoolExecutor threadPoolExecutor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(
                CORE_POOL_SIZE, MAXIMUM_POOL_SIZE, KEEP_ALIVE_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
                sPoolWorkQueue, sThreadFactory);
        threadPoolExecutor.allowCoreThreadTimeOut(true);
        THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR = threadPoolExecutor;
    }

    /**
     * An {@link Executor} that executes tasks one at a time in serial
     * order.  This serialization is global to a particular process.
     * 顺序执行
     */
    public static final Executor SERIAL_EXECUTOR = new SerialExecutor();

    private static final int MESSAGE_POST_RESULT = 0x1;
    private static final int MESSAGE_POST_PROGRESS = 0x2;

    private static volatile Executor sDefaultExecutor = SERIAL_EXECUTOR;
    private static InternalHandler sHandler;//发送事件

    private final WorkerRunnable<Params, Result> mWorker;
    private final FutureTask<Result> mFuture;

    private volatile Status mStatus = Status.PENDING;

AsyncTask 的构造函数，必须初始化在UI 线程，如下：

public AsyncTask() {
        mWorker = new WorkerRunnable<Params, Result>() {
            public Result call() throws Exception {
                mTaskInvoked.set(true);
                Result result = null;
                try {
                    Process.setThreadPriority(Process.THREAD_PRIORITY_BACKGROUND);
                    //noinspection unchecked
                    result = doInBackground(mParams);
                    Binder.flushPendingCommands();
                } catch (Throwable tr) {
                    mCancelled.set(true);
                    throw tr;
                } finally {
                    postResult(result);
                }
                return result;
            }
        };

        mFuture = new FutureTask<Result>(mWorker) {
            @Override
            protected void done() {
                try {
                    postResultIfNotInvoked(get());
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    android.util.Log.w(LOG_TAG, e);
                } catch (ExecutionException e) {
                    throw new RuntimeException("An error occurred while executing doInBackground()",
                            e.getCause());
                } catch (CancellationException e) {
                    postResultIfNotInvoked(null);
                }
            }
        };
    }

这段代码只是初始化了 mWorker 和 mFuture 这两个变量，并将 mWorker 作为参数传到了 mFuture 中；

• 执行任务

@MainThread
public final AsyncTask<Params, Progress, Result> execute(Params... params) {
    return executeOnExecutor(sDefaultExecutor, params);
}

这个 execute()方法只能顺序执行，其中 sDefaultExecutor 为上文中的 SERIAL_EXECUTOR；

@MainThread
public final AsyncTask<Params, Progress, Result> executeOnExecutor(Executor exec,
        Params... params) {
    if (mStatus != Status.PENDING) {
        switch (mStatus) {
            case RUNNING:
                throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot execute task:"
                        + " the task is already running.");
            case FINISHED:
                throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot execute task:"
                        + " the task has already been executed "
                        + "(a task can be executed only once)");
        }
    }

    mStatus = Status.RUNNING;
 //第一个调用
    onPreExecute();

    mWorker.mParams = params;
    exec.execute(mFuture);//执行耗时任务

    return this;
}

private static class SerialExecutor implements Executor {
    final ArrayDeque<Runnable> mTasks = new ArrayDeque<Runnable>();
    Runnable mActive;

    public synchronized void execute(final Runnable r) {
        mTasks.offer(new Runnable() {
            public void run() {
                try {
                    r.run();
                } finally {
                    scheduleNext();
                }
            }
        });
        if (mActive == null) {
            scheduleNext();
        }
    }

    protected synchronized void scheduleNext() {
        if ((mActive = mTasks.poll()) != null) {
            THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR.execute(mActive);
        }
    }
}

SerialExecutor 内部维持了一个队列，通过锁使得该队列保证AsyncTask中的任务是串行执行的，即多个任务需要一个个加到该队列中，然后执行完队列头部的再执行下一个，以此类推。

SerialExecutor 只是为了维持任务的顺序执行，实际执行任务还是交给 THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR;

执行完 doInBackgroudn() 方法之后，执行 postResult() 方法；

private Result postResult(Result result) {
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    Message message = getHandler().obtainMessage(MESSAGE_POST_RESULT,
            new AsyncTaskResult<Result>(this, result));
    message.sendToTarget();
    return result;
}

private static Handler getHandler() {
    synchronized (AsyncTask.class) {
        if (sHandler == null) {
            sHandler = new InternalHandler();
        }
        return sHandler;
    }
}

private static class InternalHandler extends Handler {
    public InternalHandler() {
        super(Looper.getMainLooper());//这是所有的一切必须在主线程启动的原因
    }

    @SuppressWarnings({"unchecked", "RawUseOfParameterizedType"})
    @Override
    public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
        AsyncTaskResult<?> result = (AsyncTaskResult<?>) msg.obj;
        switch (msg.what) {
            case MESSAGE_POST_RESULT:
                // There is only one result
                result.mTask.finish(result.mData[0]);
                break;
            case MESSAGE_POST_PROGRESS:
                result.mTask.onProgressUpdate(result.mData);
                break;
        }
    }
}

InternalHandler 是一个内部类，接收到 MESSAGE_POST_RESULT 表示执行完毕；

InternalHandler是一个静态类，为了能够将执行环境切换到主线程，因此这个类必须在主线程中进行加载。所以变相要求AsyncTask的类必须在主线程中进行加载。

private void finish(Result result) {
    if (isCancelled()) {
        onCancelled(result);
    } else {
        onPostExecute(result);//任务完成
    }
    mStatus = Status.FINISHED;
}

Status 有三种状态，如下：

public enum Status {
    /**
     * Indicates that the task has not been executed yet.
     */
    PENDING,
    /**
     * Indicates that the task is running.
     */
    RUNNING,
    /**
     * Indicates that {@link AsyncTask#onPostExecute} has finished.
     */
    FINISHED,
}

AsyncTask 的缺陷

1.）生命周期

AsyncTask不与任何组件绑定生命周期，所以在Activity/或者Fragment中创建执行AsyncTask时，最好在Activity/Fragment的onDestory()调用 cancel(boolean)；

2.)内存泄漏

如果AsyncTask被声明为Activity的非静态的内部类，那么AsyncTask会保留一个对创建了AsyncTask的Activity的引用。如果Activity已经被销毁，AsyncTask的后台线程还在执行，它将继续在内存里保留这个引用，导致Activity无法被回收，引起内存泄露。

3.) 结果丢失

屏幕旋转或Activity在后台被系统杀掉等情况会导致Activity的重新创建，之前运行的AsyncTask（非静态的内部类）会持有一个之前Activity的引用，这个引用已经无效，这时调用onPostExecute()再去更新界面将不再生效。

4）串行还是并行

从上述源码分析中分析得到，默认情况下AsyncTask的执行效果是串行的，因为有了SerialExecutor类来维持保证队列的串行。如果想使用并行执行任务，那么可以直接跳过SerialExecutor类，使用executeOnExecutor()来执行任务。

到此为止，AsyncTask 的源码就分析完毕啦。